Environmentally induced changes in immunological function: acute and chronic effects of inhalation of tobacco smoke and other atmospheric contaminants in man and experimental animals.

INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 205 SMOKING, AIR POLLUTION AND IMMUNE FUNCTION-ANIMAL MODELS .. 205 In Vitro Effects on Leukocytes ................. ............... 205 In Vivo Effects on Leukocytes ................................ 206 Resistance to Challenge In Vivo ................... ............. 205 Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses ............................... 206 SO2 and carbon exposure ........... ..................... 206 Fresh tobacco smoke exposure .......................................-.207 Synergism............................................................. 207 Conclusions and Predictions for Man ................................... 208 SMOKING AND IMMUNE FUNCTION IN MAN................................. 208 In Vitro Effects on Leukocytes ..................................... 208 In Vivo Effects on Leukocytes ..................................... 208 Serology ............ ................................. 208 Immunological Function ................. .................... 209 SPECULATIONS ON MECHANISMS ..................................... 209 AGING......................................................................... 211 CONCLUSIONS ............. .................................. 212 LITERATURE CITED..................................... 212